Showing posts with label VC. Show all posts
Showing posts with label VC. Show all posts

Wednesday, 12 July 2023

Yorkshire - VC Memorial

Middlesborough VC Memorial

 
The Middlesborough VC Memorial is located adjacent to the towns War Memorial.

The centre piece is a statue of Company Sergeant Major Stanley Hollis who won the only VC on D-Day. He was serving with the  6th Battalion, The Green Howards, when they landed on Gold Beach, King Sector, shortly after 07:30 on 6th June 1944. He was awarded the VC for two actions. Firstly for clearing a pill box and trenches north of Ver-Sur-Mer, and secondly for rescuing comrades under fire in the village of Crepon.

Middlesborough VC Memorial
CSM Stan Hollis VC statuette

His VC citation records his gallantry;

In Normandy on 6 June 1944 Company Sergeant-Major Hollis went with his company commander to investigate two German pill-boxes which had been by-passed as the company moved inland from the beaches. "Hollis instantly rushed straight at the pillbox, firing his Sten gun into the first pill-box, He jumped on top of the pillbox, re-charged his magazine, threw a grenade in through the door and fired his Sten gun into it, killing two Germans and taking the remainder prisoners.

Later the same day... C.S.M. Hollis pushed right forward to engage the [field] gun with a PIAT [anti-tank weapon] from a house at 50 yards range... He later found that two of his men had stayed behind in the house...In full view of the enemy who were continually firing at him, he went forward alone...distract their attention from the other men. Under cover of his diversion, the two men were able to get back.

Wherever the fighting was heaviest...[he]...appeared, displaying the utmost gallantry... It was largely through his heroism and resource that the Company's objectives were gained and casualties were not heavier. ....he saved the lives of many of his men.

"No. 36658". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 August 1944. pp. 3807–3808.

Stan Hollis VC Middlesborough VC Memorial

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In the grounds of the Dorman Museum adjacent to the Middlesborough VC Memorial is a statue dedicated to Private Tom Dresser VC. Tom Dresser was serving with 7th Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) when they were engaged in fighting near Roeux, during the Battle of Arras on the 12th May 1917 when he won his Victoria Cross. 

Tom Dresser VC Statue Middlesborough

His VC citation records his gallantry;

On 12 May 1917 near Roeux, France, Private Dresser, in spite of having been twice wounded on the way and suffering great pain, succeeded in conveying an important message from battalion headquarters to the front line trenches, which he eventually reached in an exhausted condition. His fearlessness and determination to deliver this message at all costs proved of the greatest value to his battalion at a critical period.

"No. 30154". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1917. p. 6382.

Private Tom Dresser VC

Private Tom Dresser VC presentation
from King George V 

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In the paving surrounding the Middlesborough VC Memorial are plaques recording the recipients of the Victoria Cross from the town. One of those plaques is dedicated to Sergeant William McNally who is the most decorated of those commemorated. McNally was awarded the Military Medal and Bar, as well as the Victoria Cross during his service in World War One. 

William McNally enlisted into the  8th (Service) Battalion, The Yorkshire Regiment (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) on 3rd September 1914. The Battalion were part of 69 Brigade in the 23rd Division, deploying to France in August 1915.

During the Battle of the Somme at Contalmaison on 10th July 1916 he was awarded the  the Military Medal for assisting  an officer who was wounded in the thigh and dragged him back to safety. On 3rd November 1917, he won a bar to his Military Medal for bravery near Passchendaele. On three separate occasions, he rescued men who had been wounded or buried by enemy shellfire in the trenches.  

In November 1917 the 23rd Division moved to northern Italy where it then remained until the end of the war. In October 1918 the Division, including the 8th Yorkshires, were fighting north east of the River Piave. During the period 27th and 29th October 1918 he performed three separate acts of gallantry which resulted in the award of the Victoria Cross. 

Middlesborough VC Memorial Plaque
Sgt William McNally VC MM and Bar

His VC citation records his gallantry;

On 27 October 1918 at Piave River, Italy, when his company was most seriously hindered by machine-gun fire, Sergeant McNally, regardless of personal safety, rushed the machine-gun post single-handed, killing the team and capturing the gun. Later, at Vazzola on 29 October the sergeant crept up to the rear of an enemy post, put the garrison to flight and captured the machine-gun. On the same day, when holding a newly captured ditch, he was strongly counter-attacked from both flanks, but coolly controlling the fire of his party, he frustrated that attack, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy.

 "No. 31067". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 December 1918. p. 14776.

Sergeant William McNally VC MM and Bar




Saturday, 10 March 2018

Lys - Choques Military Cemetery


 
Choques Military Cemetery

The Choques Military Cemetery contains a single row of graves from D Battery 251 Brigade, formerly 5th Durham Battery, 4th Northumbrian (County of Durham) Howitzer Brigade from Hebburn. The men's names are recorded as killed in action on the Roll of Honour in the 3rd Durham Volunteer Artillery Centenary Book.
 On the evening 18th April 1918 the men of D/251 Battery found themselves in the village of Gonnenham, on the River Lys.

 Regimental archives record; 
Gronnenhem April 1918 

The morning brought sad news from our wagon lines.  The bombardment which had provided us with a lively interlude had visited our comrades with disastrous results. A shell struck the barn in which they were sleeping, bursting amongst the sleepers with deadly effect. Many of the survivors rushed for the open, to be met by a second shell, adding materially to the already heavy list of dead and wounded. 
The look of grim determination to be seen on the faces of our gunners indicate that there was one more account to settle with the enemy; and if, at the end, any portion of the debt remained unpaid, it was no fault of the officers or men of D/251.

 The men are buried together in a single row in Choques Military Cemetery.
Choques Military Cemetery
Men of D/251 Battery

NORTHUMBRIAN GUNNERS

D/Battery 251 Brigade Royal Field Artillery

 

Killed In Action Gronnenhem 18th April 1918 

 

  1. Hillbeck A Driver MM 2555
  2. Wilson F Driver 127301
  3. Allcott H Driver MM 4678
  4. Fewings RT Gunner 52505
  5. Harris AS Gunner 10235
  6. Hunt JAF Gunner 234324
  7. Bennet H Gunner 10315
  8. Jewell WS Driver 1288
  9. Maidment A Driver 10318
  10. Pearce EG Driver 82773
  11. Rich WG Driver 4546
  12. Richardson JH Driver 755887

Driver A Hillbeck MM
Driver F Wilson
Driver HB Allcott MM
Gunner RT Fewings
Gunner AS Harris
Gunner JAF Hunt
 

Gunner H Bennett


Gunner WS Jewell
 
Gunner AJ Maidment
Driver EG Pearce

 
Gunner WG Pearce

Killed In Action 25th April 1918 

Driver JH Richardson


C/Battery 251 Brigade Royal Field Artillery

Lieutenant C St J Nevill
 

Victoria Cross

Second Lieutenant Alexander Buller Turner VC
1st Bn. Royal Berkshire Regiment
Died of wounds 1st October 1915, aged 22.
 
2/Lt AB Turner VC
 
 
 "For most conspicuous bravery on 28th Sept., 1915, at "Fosse 8," near Vermelles. When the regimental bombers could make no headway in Slag Alley, Second Lieutenant Turner volunteered to lead a new bombing attack. He pressed down the communication trench practically alone, throwing bombs incessantly with such dash and determination that he drove back the Germans about 150 yards without a check. His action enabled the reserves to advance with very little loss, and subsequently covered the flank of his regiment in its retirement, thus probably averting a loss of some hundreds of men. This most gallant Officer has since died of wounds received in this action." 

Friday, 9 March 2018

Cambrai - Masnieres

When the guns opened fire to start the Battle of Cambrai, the surprise of the bombardment, the mass deployment of tanks breaking though the wire, together with supporting fire from the Royal Flying Corps quickly over whelmed the German first line of defence.   

Battle of Cambrai 20th November 1917
On the right, III Corps advanced rapidly, with the 12th Division securing the Gonnelieu and Bonavis Ridges. They began consolidating their positions to provide flank protection, the ridges commanding the ground to the south.


Cambrai - vital ground - view from Gonnelieu / Bonavis Ridges
The of the crossing points on the St Quentin Canal were critical to the subsequent         exploitation by the Cavalry Corps. The speed of the advance was governed by the lifting barrage, and in some areas this caused delays, tanks having to wait up to 30 minutes in some sases. Concerned that the crossing points may be compromised by being destroyed, Major Philip Hamond leading 12 tanks immediately advance to the bridge at Masnieres. He arrived with the leading tank to see the bridge enveloped in an explosion, however, it appeared to be undamaged. The remaining tanks arrived and began suppressive fire on the German defenders on the opposite side of the canal.

Masnieres St Quentin Canal towards Marcoing
One tank, ‘Flying Fox II’, was sent across the bridge to secure the crossing, however the structure had been weakened and snapped in two. ‘Flying Fox II’ plunged into the Canal, it’s red hot engine on contact with the water sent up clouds of steam allowing the crew to extricate themselves under it’s cover. The tank commander 2/Lt Walter Farrar was  awarded the Military Cross for that action.
Masnieres Bridge - Flying Fox II

Masnieres Bridge - Flying Fox II
Masnieres Bridge 2018

Masnieres Bridge 2018 - Selfie
The collapsed bridge blocked the passage of Cavalry over the canal and  their  withdrawal was ordered. The order was not received by the Canadians of B Squadron Fort Garry Horse.
B Squadron of The Fort Garry Horse had already found a lock crossing point to the west of the damaged bridge, and had advanced.
Masnieres towards the crossing point of the Fort Garry Horse.
Conducting a cavalry charge and exploiting beyond the canal they found themselves isolated.  They stampeded their horses, and infiltrated on foot back across the canal at Marcoing.
Route of the Fort Garry Horse
Marcoing
Lieutenant Harcus Strachan who lead the action received the Victoria Cross. 

Harcus Strachan VC
An obelisk on the St Quentin Canal commemorates the actions of the Fort Garry Horse.

Masniers - Fort Garry Horse Memorial
Battle of Cambrai - Masnieres
III Corps were able to penetrate through the German outposts and break the first line of the German defences.  They were unable to breakthrough subsequent defences, though III Corps did establish a small bridgehead over the St Quentin Canal but could not penetrate further.

Cambrai - Situation 2oth November 1917























 

Thursday, 24 August 2017

Guernsey 2017 - 201 Squadron RAF


201 Squadron Royal Air Force has been affiliated to Guernsey since May 1939. The Squadron Museum is located in Cornet Castle, St Peter Port, and Squadron Standards are laid up in the Parish Church.

The origins of 201 Squadron lie in no 1 Squadron Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) which was formed at Fort Grange on 14th October 1914.

No 1 Squadron RNAS 1914
On the outbreak of war, the Squadron was engaged on coastal patrols, before deploying to France during 1915. The squadrons role included  reconnaissance, photography, bombing and artillery spotting flights, mainly around the Ostend/Zeebruge area.

On the night of 6th / 7th June 1915, Flight Sub-Lieutenant RAJ Warenford sighted Zeppelin LZ37 over Bruges. Positioning himself 150 feet above the Zeppelin, he dropped six bombs on top of the airship. The sixth bomb hit the Zeppelin and it crashed to the ground in flames. The blast from the explosion turned his aircraft upside down and damaged it's engine. He was forced to land in enemy territory, however he was able to make repairs, take off and return to base.

For his actions Flight Sub-Lieutenant RAJ Warenford was awarded the Victoria Cross, the first ever awarded for any type of air combat. Tragically he was killed just over a week later in an air accident.

Flight Sub-Lieutenant RAJ Warenford
VC Action - Destruction of Zeppelin LZ37

Flight Sub-Lieutenant RAJ Warenford VC

F/Sub-Lt RAJ Warenford VC
201 Squadron Museum Castle Cornet
Guernsey

The Squadron achieved another first on 26th August 1915 when Squadron Commander Bigsworth made the first ever confirmed airborne “kill” on a submarine, surprissin the U-14 off the Belgian coast near Ostend.

On 1st April 1918 the Royal Air Force was formed from the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service. The squadron was designated 201 Squadron Royal Air Force.

The Squadron would have another recipient of the Victoria Cross when Major WG Barker was awarded the VC for his actions on 27th October 1918. Despite being severely wounded he shot down three enemy aircraft.

Major WG Barker VC Action
27th October 1918 

Major 'Billy' Barker was already a well decorated air ace adding the VC to a Distinguished Service Order and Bar, and Military Cross with two Bars. He held the highest destroyed record of any pilot in WW1 and would return to Canada after the war as the highest decorated soldier.

Major WG Barker VC DSO+Bar MC+2Bars


The Squadron was disbanded at RAF Eastleigh on 31st December 1919. It had destroyed at least 2 submarines, 280 enemy aircraft, its personnel included 18 air aces (five or more confirmed kills) and the awarding of 2 Victoria Crosses.

World War One
Aircraft used by the Squadron

The Squadron was reformed at RAF Calshot 1st January 1929 as a Flying Boat Squadron. It was equipped with Southampton Flying Boats untill 1936, then Saro Flying Boats till the outbreak of World War Two. The affiliation of the Squadron to the Bailwick of Guernsey was announced in May 1939.

201 Squadron RAF
Southampton Flying Boats

201 Squadron RAF
Saro Flying Boat visits Guernsey

201 Squadron RAF
Flying Boat Pilot

When the Second World war broke out in September 1939, the Squadron was based in the north of Scotland. It conducted reconnaissance patrols in the North Sea and Norwegian Coastal Waters. In April 1940, 201 converted to Short Sunderland Flying Boats moving to Northern Ireland in October 1940.

Their role was to conduct anti-submarine patrols in during the Battle of the Atlantic.

Battle of the Atlantic - Coastal Command dispositions


Battle of the Atlantic
Air Cover on Convoy Routes

Battle of the Atlantic

The Squadron achieved their first confirmed U-Boat kill on 20th March 1943 when one of their aircraft surprised U-384 on the surface, sinking it in the subsequent action. A second kill was made two months later with the sinking of U-440.

Battle of the Atlantic
201 Squadron aircraft T surprises U-384

Battle of the Atlantic
201 Squadron sinking of U-384 

The Squadron moved to Pembroke Dock, Wales, in April 1944. They were tasked with patrolling the western entrance to the English Channel to protect the D-Day Landings and subsequent development of the Normandy Bridgehead. During the period 7th June to 18th August the Squadron sank 3 U-Boats in the Bay of Biscay.

201 Squadron U-Boat kills WW2

U-boat Date Location
U-384 20 March 1943 North Atlantic
U-440 31 May 1943 NW of Cape Ortegal
U-955 7 June 1944 Bay of Biscay
U-1222 11 July 1944 Bay of Biscay
U-107 18 August 1944 Bay of Biscay

During the Second World War of the Squadron's crews had flown over 20,000 operational hours. They were awarded, one Distinguished Service Order, 12 Distinguished Flying Crosses (and 2 Bars) and 11 Distinguished Flying Medals.
 
 
In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded the land corridors from West Germany through East Germany to Berlin. To break the Berlin Blockade the Western Powers brought in supplies by air, an operation which would be designated the Berlin Airlift, The operation lasted from 26 June 1948 – 30 September 1949.

Berlin Airlift 1948
Air Corridors
 
During the operation 201 Squadrons Short Sunderland's were  found to be particularly suitable for carrying salt being the only aircraft proofed against corrosion.


Berlin Airlift 1948 201 Squadron Short Sunderland
 moored on the Havel Berlin unloading salt 
 
The Squadron would continue with Short Sunderland's until it disbanded in February 1957.
 
201 Squadron RAF
Tower Bridge London 1956
 
The Squadron reformed  in October 1958 equipping with Shackletons. The Squadron was involved in reconnaissance operations in the Caribbean, the Malaya Emergency, and the Arabian Gulf.
 
201 Squadron RAF
Avro Shackleton
 
201 Squadron became the first unit to equip with Nimrods in November 1970. Based at RAF Kinross, the Cold War saw them tasked with surveillance of the Soviet Fleet in the North Atlantic. 

201 Squadron RAF
Nimrod

 
201 Squadron RAF Museum
 

201 Squadron RAF
Nimrod Sonar
 
The Squadron would once again be deployed on active service when their Nimrods deployed to Ascension Island during the South Atlantic conflict to retake the Falklands. Their role was to conduct surveillance missions off the Argentinian Coast, an operation which involved refuelling 3 times form Victor Tankers.
 
Links to Guernsey were re-in forced with the laying up of the Squadron Standard in the Parish Church St Peter Port in March 1985
 
201 Squadron RAF
Laying up of Squadron Standard
March 1985
 
Operational service continued with the Gulf War in 1990, flying surveillance and targeting operations against the Iraqi Navy. During the Balkans conflict they supported NATO operations patrolling the Adriatic. Returning to the Middle East, 201 Squadron were involved with the Invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan.
 
201 Squadron RAF
St Peter Port Guernsey
 

FromToAircraftVariant
Oct 1914Feb 1915Various
Dec 1916Jan 1917Nieuport 17
Dec 1916Dec 1917Sopwith Triplane
Dec 1917Feb 1919Sopwith Camel
Oct 1918Oct 1918Sopwith Snipe
Jan 1929Dec 1936Supermarine SouthamptonMk.II
Apr 1936Jun 1938Saro LondonMk.I
Jan 1938Apr 1940Saro LondonMk.II
Apr 1940Jan 1942Short SunderlandMk.I
May 1941Mar 1944Short SunderlandMk.II
Jan 1942Jun 1945Short SunderlandMk.III
Feb 1945Feb 1957Short SunderlandMk.V
Mar 1946Apr 1946Short SeafordMk.I
Oct 1958Dec 1970Avro ShackletonMR.3
Oct 1970Feb 1983Hawker-Siddeley NimrodMR.1
Jan 1982Mar 2010BAe NimrodMR.2
Source:wikipedia


The Squadron Standard hangs in the Parish Church in St Peter Port and records the Squadrons Battle Honours.

Battle Honours
 
Western Front 1915–1918*: Arras*; Ypres 1917*; Somme 1918* Amiens; Hindenburg Line

Channel and North Sea 1939–1945;Norway 1940*; Atlantic 1941 -1945*;Bismarck*;                   Biscay 1941-1945;Normandy 1944*
 
South Atlantic 1982; Gulf 1991; Iraq 2003

Honours marked with an asterisk(*) are those emblazoned on the Squadron Standard


St Peter Port Parish Church Guernsey


201 Squadron RAF Standards
St Peter Port Parish Church Guernsey

201 Squadron RAF
St Peter Port Parish Church Guernsey